Guilfordbeekeepers.org

From what I can see from the picture the comb looks fine. There does appear to be some gooey stuff from a few cells or is that just shinny bees? But I don't think that looks like a problem. Is there any unusual smell or American Foul Brood (AFB) scale, most likely not. I would NOT burn it.
Shake and tap the frame to get as many dead bees off and store the frames. There should not be a rush to protect them from wax moth or SHB as long as we have cold weather. But if it gets warm before you get more bees installed you will want to protect the wax and stores from wax moths and SHB. There are a few different ways to store comb but that can be another topic.

I don't have any concept of what AFB smells like. Does it smell like fermented sugar water?
No it does not smell like fermented sugar water. I got to smell it at one of the state meetings where they had a comb that had AFB scale but had been irradiated so it was safe.
If those shiny spots are bees then comb is fine.

Is it normal to not have eggs or larva in winter?
The queen can shut down during winter or lay very few eggs. This can vary per breed of the bee. OR you may have lost your queen at some point.

Sometimes it is luck sometimes its food stores, strong young queen, ventilation, healthy hive with a good young population going into winter and maybe some stuff we don't know about yet.
Have two hives so if one doesn't make it through winter it won't be as bad.